Tiẓirt n tapulisistimt/wagraw abarru deg usuɣel (Polysystem Translation Theory)

Yura-tt: Butekmant Mohamed

Tapulisistimt d ict  n tseṭṭa zi tɣuriwin n usuɣel, tessers tirsal (llsas) n tmassant tatrart n usuɣel, tban-dd tiẓirt-a deg uzyen ameggaru n usatu wiss 20 di tesdawit n Tel-Aviv, aked imussnawen: Evan Zohar d Gideon Toury.

Asenti-nnes yusa-dd awerni tarezzutin n Evan Zohar jar 1970 d 1980, ttwafsarent d adlis sadu wezwel n: Tifray deg usefru amezruyan Papers in historical poetics”.

Yuyem-dd Evan Zohar zeg imenzayen n tinmel talɣant Tarusit i d-yussin zzat nnes, iksi aṭṭas zeg iremmusen-nnes amecnaw:

  • Tanseklant (Literariness)
  • ilugnen inseklanen (Literary norms)
  • tabaṛṛanit(Defamiliarization)

Asissen n tiẓiṛt a yecqa mayenzi iccur s iremmusen qquren, ttawyen ɣer aya d uya, mserwasen, ttemsadafen jar-asen… ad niydar cwayt zi mammec ɣar-s xezzaren ayt bab-nnes:

Tiɣuriwin tinseklanin ittxissa ad ttwaɣrent deg unegraw anseklan amatay n unamur d tdelsa d umezruy n tutlayt taswettast. S uya, asuɣel d ijj n wagraw ɣar-s tɣuni aked tussna n unamur ameswuttus.

Awarni Evan Zohar yusa-dd umrezzu Gedeon Toury yerni ɣer tiẓiṛt-a, yuca afus deg usbuɣlu-nnes, ibezzez “insist” xef usuɣel asnummal deg umcan n usuɣel asnilsan i ttuɣa yutin iẓuran deg wakud-nni, ifsar sin n idlisen ismun day-sen ixaṛṛisen-nnes:

  1. In Search of a Theory of Translation (1980)
  2. Descriptive Translation Studies and Beyond (1995)

Gedeon Toury ibḍa isbdaden n usuɣel xef kraḍ n iswiren:

  1.  Isebdaden n usenti (initial norms)
  2. Isebdaden zzat i usuɣel (prelimenary norms)
  3.  Isebdaden deg usemhel n usuɣel (operational norms)

Aya ijja-t ad issers izerfan n usuɣel umi yegga:

  • Azref n tyumi tanawayt (Law of growing standarization)
  • Azref amekcam (Law of interference)

Tyumi tanawayt yexs ad zzay-s yini aqqa amesuɣel ittraḥ issenfal “substitute” isatalen ixef ibedd uḍris aɣbalu deg usuɣel, ittegg asfeḍ d usizdeg, ikessi awalen i yellan qqazen di tutlayt taswettust, manaya ittawi ɣer ict n tnawayt, war tettili tamamakt tiriw.

Amkcem yexs ad zzays yini taḍfart n umawal d tuskiwt d talɣa n tutlayt taɣbalut deg uḍris ittwasuɣlen.

S usegzel, tiẓiṛt-a tejja lxezrat n usufu “ fidelity ” niɣ d takrrest “betrayal ” war ttriḥent deg yiger n usuɣel.

Aṭṭas n twuriwin twaggent deg yiger a n usuɣel s teḍfart n tebridt-a, ad niydar:

  • Iɣarḍayen d midden, Mizian rahou, ungal, 2020.
  • MARX DI ARRIF, Mohamed Farissi d Hamza Zarraoui, tamzgunt, 2021.

Da nesrusa ijj n useqsi ad iqqim yerẓem, ma tiẓiṛt-a ad tuc ṣṣabet “ yield ” i usuɣel ɣer tmaziɣt? S ijj n wawal-nneɣni, tamaziɣt d ict n tutlayt yudrus umawal “ lexicon ” nnes, bac ad nessiriw amawal-a, ad nerni zi tdelsawin d tussnawin-nneɣni min war ɣar-neɣ yellin, niɣ ad neqqim netteg allas n tira “ rewriting ”s bla tamerniwt-nsen tamamkant “ qualitative ”.

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